Before any engineering work is undertaken in coastal regions like Għar Lapsi, a thorough geological evaluation is essential, as emphasized by Peter Gatt, the President of the Chamber of Geologists. This call to action follows the destruction wreaked by Storm Harry in January, which severely impacted both Malta and Sicily, leading to significant damage in areas such as Għar Lapsi. The storm's effects not only altered the natural beauty of the coast but also hindered its usability. In response, the government has pledged to restore the affected regions.
To gather public input on the revitalization of Għar Lapsi, a consultation process has been initiated. Infrastructure Minister Chris Bonett announced on social media on February 2 that investigations into the geological conditions at Għar Lapsi are currently underway. However, Gatt expressed concern over the qualifications of those conducting these studies, highlighting the lack of a national Geological Service in Malta.
"Any intervention must prioritize understanding the local geology. Since we lack a national Geological Service, no expert body is overseeing these studies. While the government claims research is in progress, we need to question: who is actually performing these assessments? Are they qualified geologists? In contrast to Italy, where geologists have held professional recognition since 1963, our country remains at a disadvantage," he stated, advocating for the establishment of a National Geological Service.
Gatt warned that if we are to address the impacts of climate change, the government must take decisive action. This should not be merely superficial fixes, such as applying concrete in select areas, as these measures are unlikely to withstand the test of time—much like the netting previously placed around the rocks at Għar Lapsi, which was largely destroyed by the relentless waves and shifting stones.
"A comprehensive geological assessment of coastal regions is crucial before we can even consider engineering solutions,” he asserted.
He further explained that without proper geological insights, any engineering interventions may prove ineffective and short-lived. "The primary concern isn't just about the engineering aspect; it is fundamentally about the bedrock that these structures will be built upon. Without a Geological Service to guide government entities regarding the coastline's geology, whether in Għar Lapsi or elsewhere, we risk implementing interventions that inadequately account for the site's geological features, resulting in temporary solutions that fail to last."
When discussing the general state of Malta’s coastline, Gatt noted its vulnerability to strong wave action. "Malta's coast is marked by numerous fault lines, which present weaknesses that waves can exploit. For example, the Magħlaq Fault runs directly along the coast at Għar Lapsi, making the area particularly prone to damage due to its inherently fragile structure."
He elaborated that Malta's coastline is peppered with these fault lines, leading to increased erosion in those areas. "Moreover, the rock formations themselves are often weak. Coastal sections composed of Globigerina Limestone and clay are especially susceptible, though even Coralline Limestone may not possess the strength needed to withstand harsh conditions."
Gatt pointed out that many developed or concretized zones, like Għar Lapsi and the Chalet in Sliema, face heightened risks due to underlying geological faults. He explained that these fault lines indicate regions where tectonic activity over millennia has weakened the rock, rendering it highly vulnerable to erosion from ocean waves. With so many faults intersecting Malta's shoreline, he cautioned that significant portions of the coast remain geologically fragile.
